Taking the train is generally the quickest and easiest way to get between cities in Japan. In addition to the bullet trains, or shinkansen, there is an extensive network of local and express trains crossing the country. Here are the types of inter-city trains you can expect to see in Japan.

For more information on public transportation in cities, check out this post.

Shinkansen

Exclusively operated by Japan Railways (JR), shinkansen trains can reach speeds of up to 320 km/h (200mph) and depart on an incredibly punctual schedule. There are multiple shinkansen lines, but the most popular for visitors is the Tokaido Line, running between Tokyo and Osaka, the Sanyo Line which continues from Osaka to Fukuoka via Hiroshima, and the Hokuriku Line, which runs between Tokyo and Tsuruga via Kanazawa. IC cards cannot be used on any shinkansen lines.

Limited Express

Operated by multiple transit companies, limited express trains are the fastest option after shinkansen. These trains generally require an additional fare above the base fare. Many limited express trains offer the option of seat reservation in addition to non-reserved seat cars.

Local, Rapid, and Express

Local, rapid, and express trains can be boarded with an IC card or base fare ticket and do not offer seat reservations. Local trains stop at all stations, rapid trains skip some stops, and express trains stop at fewer stations.

More information on seat classes and tickets can be found here.